There may be a need for dynamic routing of data to the proper data-processing node (as part of a dynamic data-routing function). The building block for data routing and preprocessing is usually a data middleware platform (or a combination of two or more such platforms). These address different technical requirements, depending on the nature of the data that is collected and routed (e.g. streaming data, data at rest). For instance, stream-processing middleware platforms (e.g. Apache Kafka) can be used to support the routing and preprocessing of streaming data. Data routing needs to consider technical aspects, like horizontal and vertical scalability, but also aspects resulting from data usage policies, like jurisdiction for data processing, data egress, or combination with other data.